Turkish Agglutination
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Chapter 2a: Sentence Structure
This page will teach you how to form a sentence. Typically, sentences are formed in this order:
The simplest sentences will be made up of one or two words, and can be formed with a
Basic Examples:
Ben
I (Subject)
Smelly (Adjective)
Adjectives
The position of adjectives differs with the meaning. If you are declaring something, or simply adding description.
Kırmızı
Red (descriptive adjective)
In this case we are saying that
Bir
One (Indefinite Article / Adjective)
In this case we are saying that
Indefinite Article
The indefinite article will always go directly between the desriptive adjectives and the object being desribed.
Uykulu
Sleepy (descriptive adjective)
In this case we are saying that
Conjunctions
These are the three most common conjunctions in Turkish. They are used similarly to English.
Cat (noun)
In this case we are talking about
Fruit (noun)
In this case we are talking about
I am tired (adjective with nominative ending)
In this case we are saying that
Var and Yok
"Var" and "yok" are adjectives in Turkish which mean "there is" and "there is not". This can circumvent the need for a verb in the sentence, but as such, these adjectives work slightly differently than most.
For example, if we want to say that there are people somewhere:
Çok
Many (Adjective)
In this case we are saying that
Inversely, we can say there are no people in said place:
In this case we are saying that
Note that nouns preceding var and yok are always singular. This is important to the usage of these adjectives. This also works with the possessive case.
Hiç
Any (Adjective)
In this case we are saying that
This, of course carries over into all conjugations.
Değil
Değil is a negator adjective, basically meaning not. It is known for having a unique conjugation style for the possessive and nominative cases. You can use it with any adjective. In this example, we are saying "I am not Turkish"
Note how the -im nominative ending moves to the end of "değil" instead of being added to the end of the initial adjective.
Questions
These are the basic question words in Turkish. You can form basic questions from them, most notably questions starting with 'who, what, when, where, how, and which'.
Ne
What
Ne zaman
When
Nerede
Where
Hangi
Which
Nasıl
How
Kim
Who
The most important question word in Turkish is the particle mi. It follows vowel harmony and Nominative conjugation rules. It has no meaning in English, but can be equivocated to the question particle "are" in English.
Mutlu
Are they
İyi
Are you
Hiç meyve var
Are there any