Nominative, Accusative, and Dative Cases
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Chapter 2c:
Nominative, Accusative, and Dative
Nominative Case
| Person: | a/ı | e/i | o/u | ö/ü |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | -yım | -yim | -yum | -yüm |
| 2nd Singular | -sın | -sin | -sun | -sün |
| 3nd Singular | none | none | none | none |
| 1st Plural | -yımız | -yimiz | -yumuz | -yümüz |
| 2nd Plural | -sınız | -siniz | -sunuz | -sünüz |
| 3nd Plural | none | none | none | none |
Appending these endings to nouns will give them traits which indicate that they are describing someone, for example:
Mutlu
You are
Sen bir dahi
You are
Amerikalı değil
We are
Some adjectives and nouns don't require y or s to function as the Nominative case.
These are the default Nominative pronouns.
| Person: | Pronoun |
|---|---|
| 1st Singular | ben |
| 2nd Singular | sen |
| 3nd Singular | o |
| 1st Plural | biz |
| 2nd Plural | siz |
| 3nd Plural | onlar |
These are also the base pronouns used in Turkish. You can aid the Nominative case for nouns by appending the pronoun, alongside the indefinite article bir
O
They're
Ben
I am
Accusative Case
The Accusative case is to be used in correlation with direct objects. Here is its ending:
| Vowel: | a/ı | e/i | o/u | ö/ü |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Word ends in Vowel | -sı / -yı | -si / -yi | -su / -yu | -sü / -yü |
| Word ends in Consonant | -ı | -i | -u | -ü |
The Accusative ending works independently of conjugation, but adheres to vowel harmony. It doubles as the definite article, "the".
Kediyi
I see
Ağacı
You planted
Here are the accusative pronouns, they work similarly to regular nouns:
| Person: | Pronoun |
|---|---|
| 1st Singular | beni |
| 2nd Singular | seni |
| 3nd Singular | onu |
| 1st Plural | bizi |
| 2nd Plural | sizi |
| 3nd Plural | onları |
Seni
I am listening
Onu
I saw
Dative Case
The Dative case is to be used in correlation with indirect objects. Here is its ending:
| Vowel: | a/ı/o/u | e/i/ö/ü |
|---|---|---|
| Word ends in Vowel | -ya | -ye |
| Word ends in Consonant | -a | -e |
The Dative ending adheres to a/e vowel harmony. It can be used to replace the word "to" in English.
Arabaya
I am going
Evimiye
I am painting
In reality, we're saying that we are 'Applying paint to the house', there are different rules based on the type of verb you're using. Here are dative pronouns
| Person: | Pronoun |
|---|---|
| 1st Singular | bana |
| 2nd Singular | sana |
| 3nd Singular | ona |
| 1st Plural | bize |
| 2nd Plural | size |
| 3nd Plural | onlara |
Bana
You hit
Onları
I am watering